top of page

Sfatiamo un mito: l'uso dell'ADOS nella diagnosi di Asperger/spettro autistico livello 1



Per molti anni il test ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule), in combinazione con il test ADI-R da somministrare ai genitori (Autistic Diagnostic Interview – Revised), è stato considerato il “gold standard” per la diagnosi di autismo. Ancora oggi, in molti lo considerano tale e basano la diagnosi sui risultati di questo test.

Tuttavia, quello che molti professionisti sanitari non sanno è che questi due test erano lo standard nell’ambito della ricerca scientifica, ambito molto diverso da quello clinico, e che lo erano solo per l’autismo “classico” (ovvero di livello 2 e 3) e solo prendendo come riferimento una definizione di autismo tratta da Manuali diagnostici datati, precedenti al DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Illness fourth version revised).


Non siamo attualmente a conoscenza di marcatori biologici per l’autismo, perciò non dovrebbe sorprendere che l’attuale “gold standard” della diagnosi sia, in realtà, solo ed esclusivamente la valutazione clinica fornita da professionisti esperti nell'ambito.

Non esiste ad oggi uno strumento che singolarmente è in grado di diagnosticare l'autismo, ma un clinico esperto si tiene aggiornato sui vari strumenti disponibili e più attuali, e sceglie quelli migliori per la persona, da valutare in base ad una serie di informazioni di riferimento, come l'età, le diagnosi differenziali ed il genere.


Alcune presentazioni dell'autismo sono più sottili di altre: ad esempio, molte persone verbali con un'intelligenza media o superiore alla media, specialmente se usano il masking come strategia di coping, possono mostrare le caratteristiche tipiche dell’autismo in modo molto sfumato. In questo caso, l'ADOS potrebbe essere utilizzato come parte di una valutazione diagnostica, ma non sarebbe la prima scelta.


Gli strumenti di valutazione diagnostica vengono costruiti facendo riferimento ad un campione di standardizzazione, cioè ad un gruppo di persone scelte in quanto rappresentano coloro che saranno valutati con lo strumento stesso. Il gruppo deve essere abbastanza numeroso e rappresentativo da dare un peso statistico ai risultati.

Nello sviluppo del Modulo 4, la parte dell'ADOS utilizzata per valutare un adulto verbale di intelligenza almeno media, il campione era composto da sole trenta persone, e di queste solo cinque erano donne! Gli algoritmi per determinare se la persona è autistica si basano su precedenti definizioni di autismo e la validità predittiva dell'ADOS è solo del 50% circa.


Uno studio recente (Langmann, et al, 2017) ha esaminato l'ADOS, Modulo 4, su un campione di 356 persone, di età compresa tra 12 e 68 anni. I risultati hanno mostrato che l'ADOS ha una bassa accuratezza diagnostica per le donne, gli anziani e gli individui con disturbi della personalità o elevate capacità intellettive.


Incoraggiamo dunque fortemente i clinici che vogliono migliorare nella valutazione di adulti autistici a cercare una formazione sui dati diagnostici rilevanti da raccogliere, e sui metodi migliori per raccoglierli, al di là della somministrazione del test ADOS. Raccomandiamo inoltre di vedere molte persone nello spettro autistico e, una volta formati, di svolgere supervisione clinica per i primi casi di valutazione diagnostica. Solo attraverso una buona formazione diretta sul campo e una supervisione continua, sarà infatti possibile apprendere le modalità corrette per individuare le complesse caratteristiche delle persone Asperger o nello spettro autistico di livello 1.


Incoraggiamo gli psicologi, i medici di base con un interesse per l'autismo e gli psichiatri a cercare una formazione nella diagnosi dell'autismo, in tutte le sue forme, ed in base all'età, al genere, alle capacità verbali e al QI. Ad esempio, attualmente le donne adulte vedono una media di quattro clinici prima di ricevere una diagnosi di autismo e questo è davvero inaccettabile. Nel frattempo, esse vengono infatti etichettate in modo errato, ricevono quindi informazioni sbagliate sulle loro condizioni e perdono la possibilità di ricevere interventi appropriati per aumentare la comprensione di loro stesse e la loro salute mentale generale.


Riferimenti:

Langmann et al (2017). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 34 pp 34-43




 
 
 

105 Comments


Anai Ash
Anai Ash
11 ore fa

Turkish Airlines LHR Terminal +1-888-839-0502

It was an amazing experience to fly with Turkish Airlines LHR Terminal The personnel was courteous and professional, and the check-in procedure proceeded smoothly. Before boarding, there were great places to eat and shop at the station. The in-flight entertainment was first-rate, and the seats were roomy and comfy. The supper, which included a range of Turkish and other cuisines, was delicious. The excellent service made the trip a lot of fun. For a relaxing and stress-free flight, I heartily suggest Turkish Airlines.


Like


NEERAJ MISHRA
NEERAJ MISHRA
un giorno fa

The journals IJSRET, IJSET, IJRTSSH, IJNREFM, and the ABCD Index are some options for publishing research papers. However, the "best" journal depends on various factors such as indexing, impact factor, peer review process, and recognition in the academic community. Below is a general comparison of these journals:

How to Select the Best Journal?

  1. Check Indexing: Look for  ABCD-Index indexing.

  2. Impact Factor: Higher Impact Factor means better recognition.

  3. Acceptance Rate & Peer Review: Choose journals with double-blind peer review for quality research.

Check Predatory Journals: Avoid fake journals with quick publication guarantees.


Like

Yayah Yasi
Yayah Yasi
un giorno fa

pascol4d situs yang paling mengutamakan kenyamanan saat bermain

Like

Psychic Ali
Psychic Ali
2 giorni fa

https://blogg.ng.se/hannamoody/2020/02/zamenhof#comment-3026


https://blogg.ng.se/hannamoody/2020/02/zamenhof#comment-3028


https://portfolio.newschool.edu/bildm509/bio/#comment-14898


https://portfolio.newschool.edu/bildm509/bio/#comment-14899


https://portfolio.newschool.edu/bildm509/bio/#comment-14900


https://www.italysona.com/wp/2019/11/11/sossio-banda-lavaro/#comment-226313


https://contact.adrian.edu/happy-100th-birthday-bob-freligh/#comment-53668


https://contact.adrian.edu/happy-100th-birthday-bob-freligh/#comment-53669


https://contact.adrian.edu/happy-100th-birthday-bob-freligh/#comment-53670


https://hawksites.newpaltz.edu/jennbrannigan/2016/11/28/sinterklaas/#comment-34045


https://hawksites.newpaltz.edu/jennbrannigan/2016/11/28/sinterklaas/#comment-34046


https://hawksites.newpaltz.edu/jennbrannigan/2016/11/28/sinterklaas/#comment-34048


https://mediablogstage.prnewswire.com/2022/06/06/higher-education-blogs-2/#comment-451738


https://mediablogstage.prnewswire.com/2022/06/06/higher-education-blogs-2/#comment-451739


https://mediablogstage.prnewswire.com/2022/06/06/higher-education-blogs-2/#comment-451740


https://incredibleforest.net/es/node/906?page=3473#comment-1067077


https://learn.kegerator.com/author/thepsychic/


https://learn.kegerator.com/author/psychicnearme/


https://learn.kegerator.com/author/exbackspells/


https://learn.kegerator.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://vreporters.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://ciudadanospormexico.org/author/exbackspells/


https://www.mmarocks.pl/author/exbackspells


https://artefuse.com/author/exbackspells/


https://cadillacsociety.com/author/astrologerinuk/


http://www.hoektronics.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://gizmostimes.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://microlinksite.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.cosmeticsanctuary.com/author/exbackspells/


https://slatestarcodex.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://renegadetalkradio.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://newdayreview.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://metalnation.com/author/exbackspells/


https://lisasimonemusic.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.twiceasnice.co.uk/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.rafabasa.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.maldivesembassy.de/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.wikipostings.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://jerseycityupfront.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://worldranksite.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://linkingdirectory.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://so-geht.digital/author/exbackspells/


https://so-geht.digital/author/astrologerinuk/


https://youtopiaproject.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://misspetitenaijablog.com/author/exbackspells/


https://misspetitenaijablog.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.fbtb.net/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.e20econvegni.it/author/thepsychic/


https://www.e20econvegni.it/author/exbackspells/


https://www.e20econvegni.it/author/astrologerinuk/


https://440hz.my/author/astrologerinuk/


https://www.washingtonbrewersguild.org/author/exbackspells/


https://www.washingtonbrewersguild.org/author/astrologerinuk/


https://wayranks.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://systemerrorbook.com/author/astrologerinuk/


https://blog.bernina.com/de/author/bestpsychicnearmeusa/


https://www.mynbest.info/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.nexustuned.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.elinamirkin.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://en.ribbonclothing.it/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.valortech.io/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.publicimaginenation.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.marqueritastory.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.reallyspeakenglish.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.politique.page/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.heavenlymotifs.com/profile/bestpsychicreadings/profile


https://www.sayrehealth.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa85193/profile


https://www.gozelie.com/profile/alithepsychic9293/profile


https://www.24kkitchen.com/profile/psychicsnearme30319/profile


https://www.connect2ctc.org/profile/psychicsnearme21458/profile


https://www.hks-garager.com.sg/profile/psychicsnearmeusa60949/profile


https://www.jgctruckdrivingtraining.com/profile/alithepsychic41995/profile


https://www.test4fit.uk/profile/alithepsychic12816/profile


https://www.colorpositive.org/profile/alithepsychic11073/profile


https://www.cstas.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa70578/profile


https://www.sackvilleelc.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa55226/profile


https://www.danceforallbodies.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa30136/profile


https://www.nextlevelconcretecoatings.biz/profile/psychicsnearmeusa99234/profile


https://www.trailduro.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa21848/profile


https://www.costaricacooking.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa32617/profile


https://www.flwbmuseum.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa8281/profile


https://www.boutiquecookiescakes.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa67688/profile


https://www.wearecora.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa47878/profile


https://www.gsvsevakendra.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa12763/profile


https://www.funintheskies.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa89102/profile


https://www.phoenixpearltea.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa95670/profile


https://www.psychicshirley.net/profile/psychicsnearmeusa8611/profile


https://www.c4sp.com/profile/alithepsychic27813/profile


https://www.clarinetu.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa47867/profile


https://www.gobesociety.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa3916/profile


https://www.georgeryansalon.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa51919/profile


https://www.pnwarachnids.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa92552/profile


https://www.creeksidemarketandtap.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa59760/profile


https://www.slcworld.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa70331/profile


https://www.eyalsflowers.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa18144/profile


https://www.doorframesolutions.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa78671/profile


https://www.bradywilsonfilm.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa85171/profile


https://www.rooferswithintegrity.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa1155/profile


https://www.mychristmaswish.org.uk/profile/alithepsychic72914/profile


https://www.treesidecafe.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa14715/profile


https://www.wpanet.org/profile/alithepsychic89610/profile


https://www.cajuncarolinaadventures.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa44159/profile


https://www.abletkddenville.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa44938/profile


https://www.babkis.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa74355/profile


https://www.nymetropolitanaau.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa23867/profile


https://www.bamastreecare.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa31029/profile


https://seothongminh.wixsite.com/website/profile/psychicsnearmeusa8760/profile


https://pokeridn103.wixsite.com/mysite/profile/psychicsnearmeusa5405/profile


https://www.beautybanks.org.uk/profile/psychicsnearmeusa90690/profile


https://www.beautybanks.org.uk/profile/psychicsnearmeusa90690/profile


https://www.spicehousenj.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa15995/profile


https://www.farmaciascarimas.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa39295/profile


https://nl.mien.bike/profile/alithepsychic75607/profile


https://www.aussieairwing.com.au/profile/alithepsychic82647/profile


https://raianika50.wixsite.com/mysite/profile/psychicsnearmeusa41797/profile


https://www.noosabowencentre.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa82356/profile


https://www.mdhealthyself.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa43782/profile


https://www.thecoffeehousemonton.co.uk/profile/psychicsnearmeusa5397/profile


https://www.pulque.com/profile/psychicsnearmeusa75170/profile


https://www.tabadc.org/profile/psychicsnearmeusa39752/profile


Like
bottom of page